# Dynamic variable names

<?php
$$k = $v;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(AssignmentExpression(
    DynamicVariable(VariableName),
    AssignOp,
    VariableName)))

# Exponentiation

<?php
$foo = 2 ** 2;
$a = 3;
echo $a ** -$a;
$a ** $c += $b;
$a ** $c = $b;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      BinaryExpression(Integer, ArithOp, Integer)
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      Integer)),
  EchoStatement(echo,
    BinaryExpression(VariableName, ArithOp, UnaryExpression(ArithOp, VariableName))
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      ArithOp,
      UpdateExpression(
        VariableName,
        UpdateOp,
        VariableName
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      ArithOp,
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        VariableName
      )
    )
  )
)

# Reserved Identifiers as Names

<?php
$foo = new self();

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(AssignmentExpression(
    VariableName,
    AssignOp,
    NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList))))

# Unary op with assignment expressions

<?php

if (!$foo = $bar) {
}

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  IfStatement(if,
    ParenthesizedExpression(UnaryExpression(LogicOp,
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        VariableName))),
    Block))

# Capitalized logical operators

<?php
a() OR b() XOR C();

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      CallExpression(Name, ArgList),
      LogicOp,
      BinaryExpression(
        CallExpression(Name, ArgList),
        LogicOp,
        CallExpression(Name, ArgList)))))

# Reserved words as function calls

<?php
$foo = new static($this->current());

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(AssignmentExpression(
    VariableName,
    AssignOp,
    NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList(
        CallExpression(MemberExpression(VariableName, Name), ArgList))))))

# Scoped self call expressions

<?php

m::self();

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name)), ArgList)))

# Symmetric array destructuring

<?php
$data = [
    [1, 'Tom'],
    [2, 'Fred'],
];

// list() style
list($id1, $name1) = $data[0];

// Support trailing commma
list($id1, $name1,) = $data[0];

// Support skipping arguments
list(, $name1) = $data[0];

// [] style
[$id1, $name1] = $data[0];

// Support trailing commma
[$id1, $name1,] = $data[0];

// Support skipping arguments
[, $name1] = $data[0];

[$error, $canonicalized] = Json::canonicalize($actual);

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      ArrayExpression(
        ArrayExpression(Integer, String),
        ArrayExpression(Integer, String)
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ListExpression(list, ValueList(VariableName,VariableName)),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ListExpression(list,ValueList(VariableName,VariableName)),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ListExpression(list,ValueList(VariableName)),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ArrayExpression(VariableName,VariableName),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ArrayExpression(
        VariableName,
        VariableName
      ),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  LineComment,
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ArrayExpression(VariableName),
      AssignOp,
      SubscriptExpression(
        VariableName,
        Integer
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      ArrayExpression(
        VariableName,
        VariableName
      ),
      AssignOp,
      CallExpression(
        ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name)),
        ArgList(VariableName)
      )
    )
  )
)

# Precedence of assignment, `or`, `xor`, and `and`

<?php
$x = true and false;
$x = true or false;
$x = true xor false;
$x = true and true or true xor true and true;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        Boolean),
      LogicOp,
      Boolean)),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        Boolean),
      LogicOp,
      Boolean)),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        Boolean),
      LogicOp,
      Boolean)),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      BinaryExpression(
        AssignmentExpression(
          VariableName,
          AssignOp,
          Boolean),
        LogicOp,
        Boolean),
      LogicOp,
      BinaryExpression(
        Boolean,
        LogicOp,
        BinaryExpression(
          Boolean,
          LogicOp,
          Boolean)))))

# Associativity of conditional

<?php
true ? false : true ? "a" : "b";
?>

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ConditionalExpression(
      ConditionalExpression(Boolean, LogicOp, Boolean, Boolean),
      LogicOp,
      String,
      String)),
  TextInterpolation(PhpClose))

# Associativity of null-coalescence

<?php
NULL ?? NULL ?? 1;
?>

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      null,
      LogicOp,
      BinaryExpression(
        null,
        LogicOp,
        Integer))),
  TextInterpolation(PhpClose))

# Associativity of negation

<?php
-1 * -1;
!$i instanceof object;
?>

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      UnaryExpression(ArithOp, Integer),
      ArithOp,
      UnaryExpression(ArithOp, Integer))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    UnaryExpression(LogicOp,
      BinaryExpression(VariableName, LogicOp, Name))),
  TextInterpolation(PhpClose))

# Augmented assignment

<?php
$i .= $j = "a";
$i += $j += 3;
$i .= "a" . "b";
"a" . $i .= "b";
?>

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    UpdateExpression(
      VariableName,
      UpdateOp,
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        String))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    UpdateExpression(
      VariableName,
      UpdateOp,
      UpdateExpression(
        VariableName,
        UpdateOp,
        Integer))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    UpdateExpression(
      VariableName,
      UpdateOp,
      BinaryExpression(String, ConcatOp, String))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      String,
      ConcatOp,
      UpdateExpression(
        VariableName,
        UpdateOp,
        String))),
  TextInterpolation(PhpClose))

# Nested assignemnts

<?php
$c = $d[0] = $d[2] = $i;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      AssignmentExpression(
        SubscriptExpression(VariableName, Integer),
        AssignOp,
        AssignmentExpression(
          SubscriptExpression(VariableName, Integer),
          AssignOp,
          VariableName)))))

# All binary op precedence levels

<?php
1 or 2 xor 3 and $i .= 4 ?? 5 || 6 && 7 | 8 ^ 9 & 10 == 11 > 12 << 13 + 14 * (int) 15 instanceof foo;
(int) 1 instanceof foo / 3 - 4 >> 5 <= 6 <=> 7 & 8 ^ 9 | 10 && 11 || 12 ?? $i += 13 and 14 xor 15 or 16;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      Integer,
      LogicOp,
      BinaryExpression(
        Integer,
        LogicOp,
        BinaryExpression(
          Integer,
          LogicOp,
          UpdateExpression(
            VariableName,
            UpdateOp,
            BinaryExpression(
              Integer,
              LogicOp,
              BinaryExpression(
                Integer,
                LogicOp,
                BinaryExpression(
                  Integer,
                  LogicOp,
                  BinaryExpression(
                    Integer,
                    BitOp,
                    BinaryExpression(
                      Integer,
                      BitOp,
                      BinaryExpression(
                        Integer,
                        BitOp,
                        BinaryExpression(
                          Integer,
                          CompareOp,
                          BinaryExpression(
                            Integer,
                            CompareOp,
                            BinaryExpression(
                              Integer,
                              BitOp,
                              BinaryExpression(
                                Integer,
                                ArithOp,
                                BinaryExpression(
                                  Integer,
                                  ArithOp,
                                  BinaryExpression(
                                    CastExpression(
                                      NamedType(Name),
                                      Integer),
                                    LogicOp,
                                    Name))))))))))))))))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      BinaryExpression(
        BinaryExpression(
          BinaryExpression(
            BinaryExpression(
              BinaryExpression(
                BinaryExpression(
                  BinaryExpression(
                    BinaryExpression(
                      BinaryExpression(
                        BinaryExpression(
                          BinaryExpression(
                            BinaryExpression(
                              BinaryExpression(
                                BinaryExpression(
                                  CastExpression(
                                    NamedType(Name),
                                    Integer),
                                    LogicOp,
                                    Name),
                                ArithOp,
                                Integer),
                              ArithOp,
                              Integer),
                            BitOp,
                            Integer),
                          CompareOp,
                          Integer),
                        CompareOp,
                        Integer),
                      BitOp,
                      Integer),
                    BitOp,
                    Integer),
                  BitOp,
                  Integer),
                LogicOp,
                Integer),
              LogicOp,
              Integer),
            LogicOp,
            UpdateExpression(
              VariableName,
              UpdateOp,
              Integer)),
          LogicOp,
          Integer),
        LogicOp,
        Integer),
      LogicOp,
      Integer)))

# Concatenation precedence

<?php

"3" . "5" + 7;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      String,
      ConcatOp,
      BinaryExpression(
        String,
        ArithOp,
        Integer
      )
    )
  )
)

# Arrays

<?php
print_r([1, 2, 3]);
print_r(["foo" => "orange", "bar" => "apple", "baz" => "lemon"]);
$a = [...$values];
?>

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(CallExpression(
    Name,
    ArgList(ArrayExpression(Integer, Integer, Integer)))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      Name,
      ArgList(
        ArrayExpression(Pair(String, String),
                        Pair(String, String),
                        Pair(String, String))))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      ArrayExpression(VariadicUnpacking(VariableName))
    )
  ),
  TextInterpolation(PhpClose))

# Anonymous functions

<?php
header_register_callback(
  function() { echo "sent";}
);

ob_start(function($buffer) use (&$storage) { $storage .= $buffer; }, 20);
ob_start(function($buffer) use (&$storage,) { $storage .= $buffer; }, 20);

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      Name,
      ArgList(
        FunctionExpression(function,
          ParamList,
          Block(EchoStatement(echo, String)))))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      Name,
      ArgList(
        FunctionExpression(function,
          ParamList(Parameter(VariableName)),
          use, UseList(VariableName),
          Block(ExpressionStatement(UpdateExpression(
            VariableName,
            UpdateOp,
            VariableName)))),
        Integer))),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      Name,
      ArgList(
        FunctionExpression(function,
          ParamList(Parameter(VariableName)),
          use, UseList(VariableName),
          Block(ExpressionStatement(UpdateExpression(
            VariableName,
            UpdateOp,
            VariableName)))),
        Integer))))

# Throw expressions

<?php
throw new Exception(__METHOD__);

$value = !empty($array)
    ? reset($array)
    : throw new InvalidArgumentException();

$condition && throw new Exception();
$condition || throw new Exception();
$condition and throw new Exception();
$condition or throw new Exception();

throw $this->createNotFoundException();
throw static::createNotFoundException();
throw $userIsAuthorized ? new ForbiddenException() : new UnauthorizedException();
throw $maybeNullException ?? new Exception();
throw $exception = new Exception();
throw $condition1 && $condition2 ? new Exception1() : new Exception2();
throw $exception ??= new Exception();

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList(Name)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      ConditionalExpression(
        UnaryExpression(LogicOp,
          CallExpression(Name, ArgList(VariableName))),
        LogicOp,
        CallExpression(Name, ArgList(VariableName)),
        ThrowExpression(throw,
          NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList))
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      LogicOp,
      ThrowExpression(throw,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      LogicOp,
      ThrowExpression(throw,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      LogicOp,
      ThrowExpression(throw,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      LogicOp,
      ThrowExpression(throw,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      CallExpression(MemberExpression(VariableName, Name), ArgList)
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      CallExpression(
        ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name)),
        ArgList
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      ConditionalExpression(
        VariableName,
        LogicOp,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList),
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      BinaryExpression(
        VariableName,
        LogicOp,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      AssignmentExpression(
        VariableName,
        AssignOp,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      ConditionalExpression(
        BinaryExpression(
          VariableName,
          LogicOp,
          VariableName
        ),
        LogicOp,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList),
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ThrowExpression(throw,
      UpdateExpression(
        VariableName,
        UpdateOp,
        NewExpression(new, Name, ArgList)
      )
    )
  )
)

# Nullsafe operator

<?php

$a?->b;
$a?->b($c);
new $a?->b;
$country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    MemberExpression(
      VariableName,
      Name
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      MemberExpression(VariableName, Name),
      ArgList(VariableName)
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    NewExpression(new, MemberExpression(VariableName, Name))
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      MemberExpression(
        CallExpression(
          MemberExpression(MemberExpression(VariableName, Name), Name),
          ArgList
        ),
        Name
      )
    )
  )
)

# Match expressions

<?php

$statement = match ($a) {
    Lexer::T_SELECT, $c => $b,
    Lexer::T_UPDATE => updateStatement(),
    Lexer::T_DELETE => $this->DeleteStatement(),
    default => $this->syntaxError('SELECT, UPDATE or DELETE'),
};

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      MatchExpression(match,
        ParenthesizedExpression(VariableName),
        MatchBlock(
          MatchArm(
            ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name)), VariableName
            VariableName
          ),
          MatchArm(
            ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name)),
            CallExpression(Name, ArgList)
          ),
          MatchArm(
            ScopedExpression(Name, ClassMemberName(Name))
            CallExpression(MemberExpression(VariableName, Name), ArgList)
          ),
          MatchArm(
            default,
            CallExpression(MemberExpression(VariableName, Name), ArgList(String))
          )
        )
      )
    )
  )
)

# Arrow functions

<?php

fn(bool $a) => $a;
fn($x = 42) => $x;
static fn(&$x) => $x;
fn&($x) => $x;
fn($x, ...$rest) => $rest;
fn(): int => $x;

$fn1 = fn($x) => $x + $y;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(fn,
      ParamList(
        Parameter(
          NamedType(Name),
          VariableName
        )
      ),
      VariableName
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(fn,
      ParamList(
        Parameter(
          VariableName,
          AssignOp,
          Integer)
        ),
        VariableName
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(static, fn,
      ParamList(Parameter(VariableName)),
      VariableName
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(fn,
      ParamList(Parameter(VariableName)),
      VariableName
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(fn,
      ParamList(
        Parameter(VariableName),
        VariadicParameter(VariableName)),
        VariableName)),
  ExpressionStatement(
    ArrowFunction(fn,
      ParamList,
      NamedType(Name),
      VariableName
    )
  ),
  ExpressionStatement(
    AssignmentExpression(
      VariableName,
      AssignOp,
      ArrowFunction(fn,
        ParamList(
          Parameter(VariableName)
        ),
        BinaryExpression(VariableName, ArithOp, VariableName)
      )
    )
  )
)

# Functions with named arguments

<?php

array_fill(start_index: 0, num: 100, value: $val);

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    CallExpression(
      Name,
      ArgList(
        NamedArgument(Name, Integer),
        NamedArgument(Name, Integer),
        NamedArgument(Name, VariableName)
      )
    )
  )
)

# Precedence between concatenation and shift

<?php
$a . $c << $b ;

==>

Template(
  TextInterpolation(PhpOpen),
  ExpressionStatement(
    BinaryExpression(
      VariableName,
      ConcatOp,
      BinaryExpression(VariableName, BitOp, VariableName))))